keyes



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. E. KEYES.

TURNING MACHINE. I No. 406,514. Patented July 9, 1889.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.:

- F. B. KEYES.-

TURNING MACHINE.

No. 406,514. Patented July 9, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK EUGENE KEYES, OF PETERBOROUGI-I, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR OFONE-HALE TO THE AMOSKEAG INDURATED FIBRE WVARE COMl ANY,

OF SAME PLACE.

TURNING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,514, dated July 9,1889.

Application filed August 20, 1888. Serial No. 283,169. (No model.)

.To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANK EUGENE KEYEs, of Peterboro ugh, county ofHillsborough, State of New Hampshire, have invented an Improvement in'lurning-Machines, of which the following description, inconnection withthe accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on thedrawings representing like parts.

, My invention relates to a machine for turning objects or articles, andis shown embodied in a machine for turning or cutting to true externalshape articles of cylindrical or frusto-conical shape-such, for example,as pails made from molded pulp.

In the manufacture of pulp articles-such as pails, firkins, tubs, orboxesthe pulp is first molded by powerful compression or otherwise tosubstantially the required shape; but as the outer or contractile moldsusually employed are not rigid the articles are not absolutely uniformin size or shape at their external surface, and are commonly madeconsiderably larger or with thicker walls than intended for the finishedarticle, and, after the pulp has been dried so as to become hard andsolid, portions at its outer surface are cut away to bring it to therequired size and shape for the finished article. This cutting down ofthe outer surface has commonlybeen done in a machine having amandrel orsupport for the article, which is rotated about its axis while beingcut,as in the usual processes of turning, and its surface has usually beenacted upon by gangs of saw-like cutters, the planes of which are atright angles to the partof the. surface of the article on which theyact, and either the article or the gang of cutters has a feed movement,one relative to the other parallel to the axis of the cutters, so 1 thesubsequent finishing operation in order to get a uniform surface.

The object of this'invention is to remove the objections to this mode ofoperation in turning articles of this kind, and the machine forming thesubject of this invention works much more rapidly than machinesheretofore employed for this class of work, and produces a true,uniform, and smooth surface on the article being turned.

The invention consists, mainly, in a machine comprising a mandrel orsupport for holding and rotating the article to be turned and a rotatingcutter the plane of which is substantially tangential to the surface of'the object to be turned. i

The invention further consists in Various accessory devices for feedingthe object with relation to the cutter for facilitating the applicationof the articles to and their removal from the mandrel or support bywhich they are held and rotated while being cut. The feed movement isparallel with the plane of the cutter instead of at right anglesthereto, as in machines heretofore used for this class of work. Thecutter, while resembling a circular saw in general appearance, is ofdiiferent construction from an ordinary saw, the side edges and not theends of the teeth being the main elfective cutting portions.

Figure 1 is an end elevation of a turning machine embodying thisinvention; Fig. 2, a front elevation thereof; Fig. 3, a partial plan 1view showing the operative parts above the main frame, and Fig. 4 adetail illustrating the cutting portion of the rotating cutter.

5 The machine shown in this instance as em- 3 bodying this invention isintended for turn- ,ing the outer surfaces of buckets Which arefrusto-conical in shape; but it will be apparent that by merelymodifying the shape and position of certain parts it maybe employed toturn other articles such as tubs or cylindrical boxes or the like.

The machine comprises a drum or mandrel (1-, shown in this instance asshaped to fit the 5 interior of the molded buckets, which aresubstantially uniform in shape at the inside, as they are molded upon arigid former, and

the buckets are held securely by simply driving them upon the mandrel,as indicated in dotted lines, Fig. 1. The mandrel a is mounted on ashaft a, which may be rotated at high speed by a pulley a and is, asshown in this lnstance, supported in bearings upon a carriage Z), havinga sliding movement in guides upon the main stationary frame-work A ofthe apparatus. The cutter c is supported on a shaft or arbor 0, providedwith a pulley 0 Fig. 2, by which it may be rotated at high speed, andthe bearings for said cutter shaft or arbor c are preferably on asupplemental frame A, rigidly fastened to the main frame A, but madeseparately, so that the position of the cutter-shaft with relation tothe main frame may be adjusted according to the shape or size of thearticle to be turned.

As shown in this instance, the supplemental frame A and cutter-arbor care slightly inclined to the front of the main frame, the angle ofinclination being the same as that of theside of the article to beturned, so that thecutter-shaft c is at right angles to the slant heightof the mandrel a and article supported thereon, and the cutter c isitself set with its plane tangential to the side of the article to beturned, as will be readily understood from Fig. 2. The result of thisarrangement is that the edges or teeth of the cutter act in a directiontangential to the surface being cut, and have atrue cutting actionwithout tendency to tear or chip otf portions of the article beingturned, which is thus finished with a true smooth surface.

The article is fed or presented gradually to the surface of the cutterby the movement of the carriage l), and, as shown in this instance, themachine comprises means for automaticallyfeeding the carriage at theproper speed for the effective action of the cutter, and then rapidlyretracting the same. This feed movement is produced by a cam cl on ashaft cl, provided with a gear (Z meshing with a pinion d ,(see Fig. 2,)loose 011 a shaft d provided with a gear (1 meshing with a pinion d,(see Fig. 2,) connected with a pulley (Z driven by a belt (1 from apulley d on the cutter-shaft c. The pinion 01 as before stated, is looseon the shaft d and is provided with one member e of a clutch, the othermember a of which is fast on the said shaft (1*, the said member 6 beingmoved longitudinally into and out from engagement with the member 6' bya shipper-lever f, which may be operated at the will of the workmen,being shown as connected by a link f with a foot lever or treadle f in aposit-ion easily accessible to the operator manipulating the articles tobe turned. The clutch members 6 and e are provided with engagingprojections, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, which are steep on the sidesthat engage when the member 6 is driving the member e, and when theclutch is thus connected the train of mechanism between the cam-shaft cland the cutter shaft 0',

forms a speed-reducing train, so that the cam-shaft turns once to a verylarge number of rotations of the cutter-shaft, thus turning the cam inthe direction of the arrow, Fig. l, and slowly raising the carriage b,and thus feeding the rapidly rotating object on the mandrel a to thecutt er 0. After the 'highest point of the cam 61 has come beneath thecarriage and the cam rotates somewhat farther, the weight of thecarriage tends to continue the rotation of the cam in the samedirection, and thus tends to turn the gear d and pinion d in the samedirection that they are already moving, but with greater speed, sothatthe pinion d and clutch member e run away, as it were, from theclutch member 6, and the rear sides of the engaging projections of theclutch members are brought together, and being inclined, as shown inFig. 2, cause the member 6 to be thrown out of engagement with themember e, so that the carriage 1) drops rapidly, turning the cam (1 halfaround to the position shown in Fig. 1, and at the same time disengagingthe clutch e 6, so that the cam will not again be actuated .until theclutch has again been engaged by the operator. The mandrel a thusremains in its lowest position sufficiently far from the edge of thecutter to enable the article which has just been turned to be removedand another one substituted, after which the operator merely engages theclutch e 6' again by operating the foot-lever f and the machine runsautomatically until the article placed on the mandrel has been turned toshape and the mandrel again lowered, as before.

It is desirable to stop or check the rotation of the mandrel while thearticles are being applied to and removed therefrom, and means areprovided for accomplishing this as follows: The pulley a on themandrel-shaft a is driven by a belt 9 from a pulley g on anactuator-shaft 9 the said pulley being loose on said shaft and connectedwith or forming one member of the clutch 71. (See Fig. 3, which showsthe parts in plan view.) The said clutch his operated by a shipper-lever1 extending across the machine and provided with a handle i, in positionto be easily moved by the operator. The said handle 1" in its movementto engage and disengage the clutch travels upon a support 1 having ashoulder i that holds the lever in position with the clutch engaged, thesaid lever tending to move in a direction to disengage the clutch underthe action of a spring or equivalent. (Shown at 2' The carriage b isprovided with a tripping device 70, which, just before the carriagefinishes its feeding movement, engages the handled, lifts it from theshoulder 2' and thus permits the clutch h to be disengaged, so that theshaft a and mandrel a are no longer positivelydriven. The turned articlemay then be taken off from the mandrel a and another one substituted,after which the operator moves the shipper-handle 'L" to engage theclutch h, by which the shaft a is caused to IIO rotate, and also engagesthe clutch e e, which 7 causes the feed to take place, and the machinewill then continue to operate without further attention until thearticle has been turned to the desired shape and the mandrel beenreturned to its original position, as before stated. I

An idler macts on the belt 9, tending to make it tighter as the articleis fed toward the cutter, so that the latter acts on greater portions ofits surface and the direction of the rotation of the cutter is such asto tend to force the article farther onto the mandrel.

The character of the teeth of the cutter is indicated in Fig. 4, and itis the edges 2 in the plane or face of the cutter that do the mainportion of the cutting work, although the ends of the teeth act on thematerial to a certain extent.

In order to prevent the chips of material from being scattered about,the cutter may be inclosed in aboX, as indicated in dotted lines at R,(see Fig. 1,) communicating with a pipe 77/, from which the air isexhausted, so that the chips are drawn through the said ,pipe,

vand may be discharged into the pulping-engine, to be again convertedinto pulp.

1. The combination of a cutting-disk having peripheral teeth, thecutting-edges of which are in the plane of one face of the cutter and atthe ends of the said teeth, with a mandrel that supports and rotates thearticle riage, and a clutch by which portions of said train ofwheel-work are connected to cause the feed movement of the carriage,said clutch being constructed, asdescribed, to be disengaged by thereturn movement of the carriage, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the cutter with the mandrel for supporting androtating the article to be turned, and a feed-carriage for said mandrel,with an actuating-shaft for said mandrel and clutch thereon, andclutch-shipper operated bysaid carriage, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANK EUGENE KEYESI Witnesses M. L. MORRISON, NELLIE F. CUMMINGS.

